GHK-Cu

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper tripeptide consisting of glycine, histidine, and lysine bound to a copper (II) ion. First isolated by biochemist Loren Pickart in 1973 from human plasma albumin, GHK-Cu has since been identified in human saliva, urine, and various tissue types. Research has established its roles in stimulating collagen and elastin synthesis, promoting wound healing and tissue remodelling, exhibiting antioxidant activity, and modulating broad patterns of gene expression. Genomic studies indicate that GHK-Cu influences the expression of over 4,000 human genes, approximately 6% of the human genome, including genes involved in DNA repair, proteasome function, oxidative stress response, and anti-inflammatory pathways. The compound has been extensively researched in dermatology, where studies have examined its effects on skin remodelling, wrinkle reduction, and barrier function. Hair follicle biology research has investigated GHK-Cu's ability to stimulate follicle growth and enlarge hair follicle size. The copper ion is integral to GHK-Cu's biological activity, serving as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions involved in collagen crosslinking and antioxidant defence mechanisms.